CowManager’s Koen van Meurs and Gerard Griffioen with the Milk Sensor.

“Thanks to the Milk Sensor, farmers can stay one step ahead of udder health issues,” says Gerard Griffioen, dairy farmer and founder of CowManager. Mastitis not only affects milk production and animal health, it also affects profit. That is why preventing it is vital.

“When I was visiting one of our customers who milks about 125,000 cows, I saw his struggle with mastitis and the accuracy of his milk data. Cows were left unidentified and for them, no milk production data was available. And at the same time there was a wealth of data from other cows – but unreliable,” Griffioen recalls.

That’s how the idea for the Milk Sensor came about.

“Our Milk Sensor was developed in collaboration with dairy farmers,” says Koen van Meurs, Head of Product Development, enthusiastically.

Because the Milk Sensor measures at the teat level and CowManager has an extensive global network of large-scale dairy farms, a significant amount of data has been collected in a short amount of time.

Comparing our results with milk analyses from the lab was a big part of the development process and vital for ensuring maximum reliability. Artificial Intelligence, in combination with CowManager’s many years of experience with algorithms and large-scale data, resulted in a smart, advanced and reliable dashboard.

Five indicators in one Milk Sensor

The Milk Sensor currently has five indicators: temperature, conductivity, milk volume, milk flow and the vacuum level.

“The Milk Sensor is positioned very close to the udder to ensure reliable data. Milk quality has also been taken into account: the sensor ensures a clean, unobstructed milk flow. The system can be fully customised. Installation is quick and easy: cut the tube beneath the milk cup, slide the transparent sensor into place and reattach the tubes on either side of the sensor. This works with virtually any brand and type of milk cup in the cow shed,” Gerard explains.

CowManager’s Milk Sensor is available to all dairy farmers who have a CowManager ear sensor or who wish to purchase one. In the future, the Milk Sensor can also be upgraded with cow identification.

Left: CowManager Milk Sensor. Right: The Milk Sensor in action during milking.

Early detection and prediction of mastitis

Helping to detect and even predict mastitis is one of the Milk Sensor’s main features. Continuous monitoring of the milking process has a positive effect on teat health and can prevent risk factors for mastitis such as teat tip calluses.

The Milk Sensor can also play a key role in producing milk with a low somatic cell count. Gerard and Koen are looking even further ahead.

“This preventive approach has a positive impact on animal welfare. It will help reduce culling due to high cell counts or mastitis problems,” the men predict. “This ultimately results in a longer lifespan for the cows,” Gerard explains.

Performance of each unit at a glance

Another main feature of the Milk Sensor is to analyse the milking process down to the level of individual milk cups.

“The proper functioning of a cow shed is essential for preventing udder problems. Blind milking, air in the milk or a low flushing temperature aren’t visible, but they can pose a huge risk when it comes to mastitis or a high bacterial count,” Koen explains.

The Milk Sensor monitors this and helps detect mastitis. The Milk Sensor also ensures continuity throughout the milking process when multiple milkers are involved. Any differences between milking staff or milking sessions will immediately become visible.

“The combination of the ear and Milk Sensor and the accompanying sorting gate offers unprecedented possibilities,” says Gerard about the entire CowManager ecosystem. The Milk Sensor is a key component of the overall package.

But, according to Koen and Gerard, that’s not all. “This is just the first step. Eventually, the Milk Sensor will be able to measure even more parameters in both the milk and the cow shed,” Koen reveals.

What Makes DA Hard to Spot

A displaced abomasum occurs after a period of subtle changes at first. Affected cows may eat less, ruminate less, and produce less milk.

An abomasum is not easily visible on external examination. Only trained veterinarians are usually able to detect it. You can recognise displaced abomasum using several clinical indicators, such as:

• An increased heart rate
• Cold ears
• Poor rumen fill
• Loose or watery manure
• An abnormal ‘ping’ when you tap the abdomen
• Positive fluid-splashing sounds

DA often appears within less than 30 DIM, when cows are already under metabolic stress and your team’s focus is split among fresh cow checks, feeding, and milking routines.

A displaced abomasum doesn’t occur spontaneously. Often a cow first shows other signs, like an infection.

That’s where technology makes the difference.

How Continuous Monitoring Changes the Game

CowManager’s Health solution turns early detection from guesswork into data-driven insight. Instead of waiting for visible symptoms, the system continuously tracks eating, rumination, and activity patterns. These behavioural indicators are the first to change when a cow’s abomasum begins to displace.

Both ketosis (decreased appetite, lower milk production) and a displaced abomasum can have similar early signs, and it is common for a cow to have both conditions simultaneously.

During ketosis, a slight and gradual decline in rumination and feeding activity is typically observed. In contrast, a displaced abomasum is characterised by a sudden and marked reduction in both parameters.

Spotting Those Early Warning Signs

For example, a healthy fresh cow should steadily increase her eating time after calving. If the Health solution shows a consistent drop instead, it’s an early warning sign.

The same goes for rumination — one of the most reliable indicators of digestive comfort. A sudden decline can point to displaced abomasum or related metabolic issues such as ketosis.

CowManager’s real-time alerts help you act fast and prevent health issues before they escalate. Instead of reacting to DA cases after production loss or veterinary treatment, you can intervene at the first signs of trouble — saving time, money, and improving animal welfare.

Support Your Transition Cows Proactively

A good dry period is crucial for preventing health abnormalities under 30 DIM. Rumen fill should remain at an adequate level throughout the dry period, to avoid pre-partum ketosis and lower feed intake postpartum.

Most displaced abomasum cases occur around calving, when a cow’s energy balance shifts dramatically. CowManager’s Transition solution complements the Health solution by helping you manage this critical period more effectively.

It monitors each cow’s recovery after calving, showing whether she’s adapting well or struggling with feed intake. That makes it easier to fine-tune nutrition, adjust management for high-risk cows, and prevent metabolic problems before they cascade into a DA case.

The Nutrition solution sends an alert whenever a decline in both rumination and eating time for dry cows is detected, which gives users a chance to adjust management to avoid low feed intakes. This has huge impact on a cow’s welfare during dry period and postpartum.

When you can see how each cow transitions in real time, your team doesn’t have to rely solely on daily pen checks or milk data. You get a complete picture of her health and recovery — exactly when it matters most.

Detect, Act and Prevent

Displaced abomasum doesn’t have to be a production-draining surprise. With CowManager’s Health, Transition and Nutrition solutions you gain early, actionable insights into every cow’s health status.

Parameters like low feed intake and transition alerts give you the opportunity to dive deeper in dry cow management. That means fewer missed cases, faster interventions, and a smoother transition period for your herd.

Healthy cows produce more milk, breed back faster, and stay in the herd longer. Preventing DA isn’t just about treating disease — it’s about protecting performance.

CowManager can help you detect cow diseases so you can act early — keeping your herd healthy and your performance high.

Temperature as Health Indicator

Temperature is one of the most widely recognised indicators of health in animals. When a cow experiences stress, illness, or metabolic challenges, changes in a cow’s body temperature may occur as part of the body’s natural response. The ear is one of the first places in the body where these changes are noticeable.

When a cow’s body temperature rises, it usually means the immune system responds to stress, infection, inflammation, or heat. The body increases temperature to help support immune activity, which can lead to reduced feed intake, lower milk production, and lethargy.

When a cow’s body temperature drops, it often indicates that the cow is struggling to maintain normal body functions. This can happen during severe illnesses, metabolic disorders, or after calving, when blood flow shifts from the cow’s ear toward vital organs and the body tries to conserve energy.

Cow Body Temperature in Dairy Herd Monitoring

Modern cow monitoring systems often track behavioural indicators such as eating behaviour, rumination patterns, activity and inactivity.

Adding temperature monitoring, specifically ear temperature, to this data can strengthen the overall understanding of herd health. When farmers have access to multiple indicators, they can better interpret what is happening within the herd and respond quickly when conditions change.

For dairy farmers managing large herds, it can be difficult to detect subtle health changes through observation alone. Monitoring technologies that track indicators such as activity, rumination, and temperature trends can provide valuable insights that support early intervention.

Cow Ear Temperature

Tracking a cow’s temperature alongside behavioural indicators contributes to a more complete picture of cow health. Continuous monitoring helps farmers detect changes sooner and respond more effectively.

The CowManager system measures ear temperature specifically, making cow monitoring much more accurate and actionable with early alerts.

Whenever a cow develops an infection, blood flow in the ears shifts toward vital organs. By monitoring ear temperature, this change can be detected early, potentially preventing more serious issues for both you and the cow later on.

Supporting Better Herd Management

Cow monitoring innovations continue to change how dairy farms manage animals. Monitoring technologies allow farmers to move from reactive management to proactive herd care.

It may seem tooling makes herd management more complex, but systems that provide reliable data are an important part of driving herd management forward.

With real-time data, herd management teams can make more informed decisions about herd health, reproduction, and overall management.

Why BRD is Such a Problem

For farmers, BRD isn’t just an animal health issue; it’s an economic one. Calves that battle pneumonia often struggle to catch up in growth, which means they won’t perform as well later in life. This is why bovine respiratory disease prevention matters so much.

Cows have a relatively limited lung capacity in proportion to their body weight. Therefore, it’s crucial to maintain good lung health throughout their life. Issues like BRD translate into lower milk yields, higher veterinarian bills and in some cases, calf mortality.

How Cow Monitoring Technology Helps

Relying on visual checks for BRD can be a tricky business. Coughing, nasal discharge, or falling behind compared to the rest of the herd can be signs of BRD. But calves and cows, prey animals by nature, are experts at hiding weaknesses. This makes it harder to spot bovine respiratory disease symptoms.

That’s where cow monitoring technology makes a real difference. By keeping track of activity and behaviour around the clock, these systems can identify early warning signs that would otherwise be missed.

For example, opting for an ultrasound at an early state can detect budding pneumonia. Something that sometimes occurs when calves and cows receive health alerts and nothing comes out of the clinical examination.

Monitor Herd Health with CowManager

A great example of a BRD prevention tool is CowManager’s Youngstock Monitor, designed specifically to track calf health. The system collects detailed data on ear temperature, eating and rumination time, behavior and activity and flags anything unusual. When a calf shows changes that could indicate the bovine respiratory disease complex, the system alerts the farmer early, giving time to act before the disease becomes severe.

This approach supports earlier bovine respiratory disease treatment, which improves recovery rates, reduces antibiotic use, and ultimately lowers mortality. Healthier calves grow into healthier, more productive cows – and that protects your bottom line.

The CowManager system enables farmers to keep an eye on their herd’s entire life cycle, monitoring them from calf to cow with just one ear sensor. Comparing groups, diving into the data and making sure their herd gets everything they need.

When calves become cows, CowManager’s Health Module continues to track their health, ensuring a lifetime of monitoring.

Keeping BRD from Being Damaging

Monitoring is powerful, but it works best alongside strong everyday management. Good bovine respiratory disease prevention practices include ensuring calves get enough colostrum, reducing stress during weaning and transport, maintaining proper ventilation, keep group changes at a minimum and manage them well, and following vaccination programs.

When these are combined with technology like CowManager’s Health monitor, it’s the best defense against BRD.

Protecting calves from bovine respiratory disease isn’t just better for animal welfare – it’s better for your business.

Why Colostrum for Calves Is Essential

Calves are born without antibodies, making them highly vulnerable to infections. Cow colostrum, packed with immunoglobulins (IgG), provides the essential antibodies that act as a first line of defence for the newborn. This colostrum helps protect the calf from disease while its own immune system develops.

The first 12 hours after birth are critical for antibody absorption, as the calf’s gut is still open to absorb these antibodies directly into the bloodstream. After this window, absorption decreases significantly and closes completely within 24 hours.

Timely, adequate feeding of high-quality colostrum is crucial for giving the calf the best start in life, as literature indicates that calves receiving proper colostrum develop a better-functioning gastrointestinal tract.

Track Cow Health

The quality of colostrum for calves is directly linked to the health of the mother cow. A healthy, stress-free cow is more likely to produce high-quality colostrum, which is vital for the calf’s immunity and growth.

While CowManager doesn’t monitor colostrum quality directly, it does help identify when issues arise during a cow’s dry period. Together with advisors, you can investigate potential causes, such as social housing, to ensure cows produce the best colostrum possible.

Transition & Heat Stress

CowManager’s monitoring system provides valuable insights during critical stages such as the transition phase. Through alerts for heat stress, illness, or transition challenges, you can take early action to prevent these factors from affecting colostrum production.

For example:

• Transition period challenges, such as disease or inadequate nutrition, can lower antibody content.
• Heat stress can decrease colostrum quality.

By addressing these issues early, you help ensure your cows stay healthy and your calves receive the high-quality colostrum they need for a strong start.

By using CowManager to monitor and optimise cow health, and by acting on the alerts to improve your management, you indirectly help ensure that calves receive the best possible colostrum to start their lives strong.

Set Your Calves Up for Success

Colostrum for calves is a critical part of their early development and long-term productivity. Your efforts during those first hours make all the difference. To give your calves the best possible start, it’s essential to ensure that cows produce the highest quality colostrum, and that begins with monitoring and supporting their health.

By using CowManager to track cow health, you can make informed decisions and intervene early when needed, ensuring your cows are in top condition to produce the best colostrum for their calves.

Optimise your calf health and give your future dairy cows the best start.

High-Quality Forage

Forage quality is the backbone of every heifer diet. Not all forage delivers the same results — and when it comes to raising heifers, quality matters just as much as quantity.

High-quality forage supports optimal growth and body condition without overfeeding grain. The right balance of protein and minerals is crucial: too much grain can over-condition heifers, while low-quality forage may slow growth.
Protein plays an important role in the overall growth of heifers, as it provides the amino acids needed for tissue and muscle development.

Skeletal growth – bone formation and strength – is important and depends mainly on the availability and balance of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, as well as vitamin D and adequate energy supply.

The two go hand in hand: Bones also contain protein structures, collagen matrix, that minerals bind to. An excess of protein alone will not improve bone growth.

Feed Efficiency

Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility (NDFD) is an important indicator of how much energy a heifer can actually extract from her feed. Higher digestibility means better feed efficiency – something that shouldn’t be underestimated. Higher NDFD means the heifer can extract more energy from the same amount of feed, leading to better feed efficiency and weight gain.

Changes in feed quality or type can easily affect growth rates. That’s why testing forage regularly and adjusting rations with your nutritionist is essential. With CowManager’s Transition & Nutrition Monitor, you can track the effect of ration changes per cow as well as per group.

And with the free MultiView functionality you and your advisors can easily share and monitor real-time data on feed and ration changes – ensuring every heifer stays on track.

Feed Space per Cow

Feed space is often underestimated, yet it plays a major role in growth and future milk production. Overcrowding causes stress, limits feed intake, and leads to uneven growth within groups — especially for subordinate heifers.

Aim for 45 to 60 cm of space per heifer. This ensures that every animal has equal access to feed, particularly in group housing systems. Providing adequate space reduces injuries, stress, and the risk of disease transmission. A calmer pen leads to healthier heifers, steady growth, and more efficient management.

The Transition & Nutrition Monitor even tracks a cow’s stress level; monitoring whether a cow is feeling safe and secure or is experiencing stress factors that may affect her health, causing her to become less active – in which case you’ll receive an alert. Too much stress also leads to cortisol release, which is immune suppressive.

Dairy Heifer Feed Requirements

When it comes to dairy heifer nutrition, it’s not just about intake — it’s about outcomes. One of the most critical milestones in heifer development is reaching the right breeding weight.

Heifers should reach 55–60% of their mature body weight by 13–15 months of age, allowing them to calve between 22 and 24 months. Hitting this target keeps rearing costs under control and maximises lifetime milk yield.

Underweight heifers often calve later, increasing costs and reducing production potential. Overweight heifers, on the other hand, are at higher risk for calving and metabolic problems. The right balance is key to achieving strong, productive cows ready for the next stage of their life.

Building a Strong Foundation

When you combine forage quality, feed space, and proper breeding weight, the bigger picture becomes clear — these are the building blocks of your future herd.

Every decision in heifer management has a ripple effect. The heifers you raise today are tomorrow’s high-performing dairy cows. With CowManager’s Transition & Nutrition Monitor and MultiView functionality, you gain the insights to make smart, fact-based feeding and growth decisions.

Critical: Colostrum for Calves

Calves don’t have much of an immune system when they’re born, so what you do in the first hours makes all the difference. Colostrum is critical. Feed your calves clean, high-quality colostrum within the first two hours. Aim for at least 10% of the calf’s body weight. This liquid gold delivers antibodies and energy that set the calf up for survival and growth. Starter feed and fresh water from day three encourage cow rumen development, which is key for a smooth weaning transition.

Calves on a higher plane of milk nutrition – more energy and protein – in their first eight weeks often develop more mammary tissue, which means better milk yield later.

Think of this stage as pouring the concrete for your future barn. If it’s a solid foundation, everything built on top will last. CowManager’s Youngstock Monitor allows you to closely watch this critical stage, sending calf health alerts whenever you have a calf or heifer in need of attention.

Measure the Milestones

Once calves are weaned, the goal shifts to steady, efficient growth. This is where feeding programs really shape the future dairy cow. Make sure to create a balanced diet for heifers. Good feed plus grain ensures skeletal growth and rumen development without getting heifers too fat.

Every growth milestone is a steppingstone toward becoming a profitable cow. Dairy heifers should reach 55% to 60% of their mature weight by breeding age (13 to 15 months). That way, they calve by 22 to 24 months – young enough to maximise lifetime productivity but mature enough to avoid calving problems.

Underperforming isn’t good, but neither is overdoing it. Undergrown heifers will freshen late and produce less milk, while over-conditioned heifers risk calving difficulty and metabolic issues.

Mastitis is one of the many health challenges dairy cows face throughout their lifetime. monitoring health risks at every stage of development from birth to first calving, dairy producers can build a healthier, more productive herd. Keeping a close eye on youngstock helps raise healthy heifers, ultimately reducing the risk of mastitis during lactation.

You can use CowManager’s calf development graph to further support early disease detection. The graph highlights behavioural patterns of an individual calf compared to its group. By finding deviations early, you can take initiative and act during the critical first six months of life.

Example of a calf development graph in the CowManager system.

Dairy Heifer Health Tips

Whether you have the perfect diet in place or not, if your housing is off, you’ll lose ground. Dedication in heifer management makes the difference between good and great heifer development. Healthier, more comfortable heifers grow faster and transition more smoothly into the milking herd.

For example, overcrowding stunts growth and spreads disease. Give heifers room to thrive and grow. Make sure they have dry bedding to reduce respiratory disease and scours. Good ventilation prevents heat stress and lung problems.

Moving groups calmly and minimising sudden changes reduces setbacks in development. Socialised calves and heifers aren’t just healthier; they also manage stress better later in life.

Building the Future

Remember: a healthy heifer is not an expense; she’s your most valuable investment in tomorrow’s milk. Every small dairy heifer management choice, from colostrum quality to feed consistency to housing, directly affects your (future) herd’s bottom line.

The cows that walk into your paddock in two years are the result of what you’re doing today with your calves and heifers. When you manage them right from the start, you’re not just raising replacements. You’re building the next generation of your dairy’s success.

1: Set Mating Goals

Before you kick off mating season, take a minute to decide what your main mating goals are. Are you looking to improve genetics, improve milk production or replacement heifers? Narrowing your goals down in advance will help you make informed decisions for breeding and mating.

2: Check on Your Cows

Make sure potentially underperforming cows are on your radar early on so you can still make the adjustments needed to ensure they’ll do well during mating. Unsure? Have your vet or breeding specialist analyse your cows’ performance by adding them in MultiView. CowManager’s Nutrition Module helps you identify at-risk cows up to 50 days before calving.

3: Consider Fertility Testing

Fertility testing your cows can help identify any reproductive issues that may affect their performance during mating season, such as infections or hormonal imbalances. Identifying and addressing these issues beforehand could save you a lot of stress and pain down the road.

4: Prep Your Paddocks

Take time to set the mood and make sure your cows will be comfortable. Ensure that your mating paddocks are in good condition and provide adequate shelter and clean water for your cows.

5: Develop a Mating Plan

A well-thought-out breeding plan is key to achieve your goals. Consider factors such as timing, synchronization protocols, available staff, and the selection of appropriate sires. Have plan Bs at the ready in case of any contingencies, such as weather disruptions.

6: Keep Track of Everything

Keep detailed records of everything leading up to, during, and after mating season. Record mating dates, sire information, and any fertility testing results. This will help you analyse results and help identify risks, and your future self will be eternally grateful to you for being so thorough. CowManager’s Fertility Insights helps you keep detailed records of all your cows’ cycles.

7: Monitor Heat Detection

Go for success: Rely on CowManager’s Fertility Module and never miss a heat. Make sure all cows are tagged with the ear sensor so you can recognise peak heats, pregnancies, non-cycling cows and potential abortions. Make sure your entire staff knows which alerts to look out for and give them access to the system by simply adding their email addresses in MultiView.

“We’ve increased our six week in calf rate by about 15%, so we’ve gone up to 78% in our six week in calf rate. Our empty rate has dropped from about 24% down to 13%. It’s quite substantial, yeah. We’re also picking up those silent heats that we weren’t able to pick up beforehand.” – Mike Marshall, Otago farmer. Watch his full story.

8: Keep Your Herd Healthy

A healthy herd equals a healthy base to build your breeding season upon. Work closely with your vet and team to make sure your cows are as healthy as possible before breeding season begins and throughout, and make sure your cows are getting the nutrition they need to be successful. CowManager’s Health Module can help you monitor health as well as discovery.

9: Make Sure You’re Up to Date

Make sure the systems you use are updated to the newest version available before the season starts. This goes for your cow monitoring system, your herd management system, as well as your drafting gate. Good to know: If you’re using CowManager and some ear sensors are close to underperforming, the system will alert you of this months in advance.

“Basically, CowManager finds a cow on heat and the gate drafts them out after the morning milkings. With the two systems we’re saving a labour unit over mating, that’s for sure. Nobody needs to think about anything, really.” – Ruurd Dijkstra, Waikato farmer. Discover the full story.

10: Be Willing to Make Changes

A prepared farmer is a successful farmer, but sometimes life throws us curveballs. Be prepared to make last-minute adjustments to your plan if any unforeseen weather or health conditions pop up. Just make sure to keep monitoring closely and keep detailed records.

Understanding Ketosis in Cows

Ketosis in cows typically occurs during the early lactation period, when the cow needs more energy for milk production than she gets from her feed. To make up for the demand, she starts using her body fat for energy. This causes a rise in ketone levels in her blood.  If not treated, ketosis in cattle can lead to reduced milk yield, weight loss, and a higher risk of other metabolic disorders.

Ketosis Symptoms in Cows

Detecting ketosis symptoms in cows early is essential to minimise production losses and prevent severe health complications. Common signs of ketosis in dairy cows include:

• Reduced appetite and decreased feed intake
• Sudden weight loss despite adequate feeding
• Decreased milk production
• Reduced activity levels
• Acetone-like smell on the breath
• Nervous behaviour, such as excessive licking or uncoordinated movements

Monitoring cows closely during the transition period and using diagnostic tools can help detect ketosis in cows before it significantly affects their performance.

How to Prevent Ketosis in Cattle

Preventing ketosis in cattle requires a proactive approach to herd management, focusing on proper nutrition and metabolic health. Here are key strategies to reduce the risk of ketosis in cows:

1. Balanced Nutrition: Ensure cows receive a well-balanced diet with adequate energy levels to support milk production. Increasing the intake of high-quality forages and concentrates can help maintain energy balance.
2. Monitor Body Condition: Avoid excessive weight gain during late lactation and the dry period, as over-conditioned cows are at higher risk of ketosis.
3. Regular Health Checks: Using real-time monitoring technology can help detect early signs of ketosis and allow timely intervention.
4. Optimise Transition Period Management: Proper management of the transition period, including gradual diet adjustments and providing adequate bunk space, can help minimise metabolic stress.
5. Provide Supplemental Energy Sources: Glucose precursors, such as propylene glycol, can help a cow’s energy levels and help prevent a buildup of ketones.

The Role of Monitoring in Managing Ketosis in Dairy Cows

Implementing a cow monitoring system can help detect ketosis symptoms in cows before they become severe. Technologies like CowManager track changes in cow behaviour, activity, and feed intake, providing early warnings of metabolic disorders. By identifying subclinical ketosis in dairy cows, producers can take preventive measures and ensure optimal herd health and productivity.

Conclusion

Ketosis in cows is a significant concern for dairy producers, but with early detection and proper prevention strategies, its impact can be minimised. Monitoring ketosis symptoms in cows, optimising nutrition, and leveraging technology can help maintain healthy and high-performing dairy cattle. By prioritising metabolic health, dairy producers can reduce ketosis-related losses and improve overall herd productivity.

Ketosis

Ketosis occurs when cows do not have or take in enough energy, usually after calving. The cow’s body starts breaking down fat for energy, leading to high levels of ketones in their blood. This disease can occur during the transition period, a crucial time in a cow’s life. Symptoms include loss of appetite, loss of body condition, lethargy, and sweet-smelling breath.

Read more about recognising diseases during the transition period.

Mastitis

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, typically caused by bacteria. This often results in decreased milk production and quality. Signs include swollen, hard, or warm udders, and abnormal milk containing clots, pus or blood. Preventive herd management and efficient farm management are vital to manage this disease.

Curious to know more? You might also find this article interesting: The Power of Early Mastitis Detection in Dairy Cows.

Displaced Abomasum

Displaced Abomasum, also known as DA, occurs when the abomasum – the fourth stomach compartment – shifts from its normal position. Whenever this disease affects a cow, it’s oftentimes after calving.

Symptoms are loss of appetite, reduced milk production, and an abnormal ‘ping’ sound when the abdomen is tapped. Read more about detecting diseases after calving.

Johne’s Disease

This chronic, progressive bacterial disease affects the intestines of a cow. It causes severe diarrhea, weight loss, and therefore can be fatal. Johne’s disease is also known as paratuberculosis. It’s challenging to manage once established in a herd, emphasising the importance of preventative measures.

Disease symptoms include progressive weight loss, diarrhea, and reduced milk production. It often occurs in older cows, but can be subclinical in some.

A cow monitoring system can clock whenever a cow is uncharacteristically (in)active, which can help spot discomfort and detect illness before true symptoms show.

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis is also known as IBR. It affects the respiratory and reproductive systems. Symptoms may include nasal discharge, coughing, and decreased milk production. Vaccinations are available to help control this disease.

Commonly associated with pneumonia and death, but is also the cause of abortion and reproductive loss. Clinical signs are discharge from nose and eyes, rapid breathing, and high temperatures and weight loss. The effects vary per cow and herd.

Bovine Respiratory Disease

Bovine respiratory disease is also known as BRD, or simply called pneumonia. It’s often referred to as shipping fever, and it’s a complex disease that can cause severe illness. The most common symptoms include coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing. Especially calves can suffer from BRD. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent fatalities.

CowManager has a Youngstock Monitor, specifically created to monitor calf health. This may help with detecting BRD in an early stage.